Nanotechnology in Cancer Detection and Treatment

 Nanotechnology has taken great strides in the field of medicine with improved drug delivery systems. The application of nanoparticles in cancer detection and treatment has been prominent in recent years wherein unique properties can be utilized for detection of site specific tumors. The main objective of this review is to give an update on the available techniques and briefly describe the nano-medicines developed so far for an effective treatment. Conventional techniques face the problem of toxicity resulting from the administered drug. In addition to this, most of the techniques available detect cancer only after metastasis which hampers the effectiveness of the anti-cancer drug. Through the application of nanotechnology techniques, active cancer cells can be differentiated and treated without harming the healthy cells. This review discusses the use of nanoparticles like quantum dots and fullerenes for detection of cancer cells by acting as imaging agents. These are crucial for identifying the affected cells and tissues for effective measurement. Liposomes and dendrimers are used in treatment through development of advanced drug delivery systems. Some other nanoparticles like carbon nanotubes and magnetic nanoparticles have extended application in both imaging and treatment. Due to its wide ranging properties and diverse applications, the nanoparticles developed so far and nanotechnology as a whole has a huge potential in cancer treatment

Nanotechnology for Water Purification

 Sufficient and feasible supplies of clean water are essential to the world's wellbeing, condition and economy. As of now impressive difficulties are confronted in taking care of rising requests of consumable water as the accessible supplies of freshwater are diminishing because of developed dry seasons, Decrease in water quality because of expanding groundwater and surface water contamination and expanding requests from users. The problem of access to safe water is inevitable and requires tremendous research to devise new, cheaper technologies for purification of water. Advances in Nano scale science and engineering suggest that many of the current problems involving water quality could be resolved or greatly ameliorated. The capacity to see Nano-surveyed materials has opened a universe of potential outcomes in an assortment of businesses and logical attempts. Since nanotechnology is basically an arrangement of strategies that permit control of properties at a little scale. This paper gives a review of the utilization of nanomaterial in water filtration. We highlight late advances on the improvement of Nano scale materials and procedures for treatment of surface water, groundwater and modern wastewater contaminated by harmful metal particles, radio nuclides, natural and inorganic solutes, microorganisms and infections

Gold nanoparticles for sensing Mn2+ in water

Abstract: Gold nanoparticles coated with polymers like chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and poly acrylic acid (PAA) can effectively be used to detect the presence of Mn2+ ions in water. A shift in the optical absorbance peak of the Au colloid is observed in the presence of Mn2+ ions. The shift in the absorbance peak wavelength is directly proportional to the concentration of Mn2+ ions in water. Chitosan capping was found to give the maximum shift and as such was selected for the development of a sensor for detecting Mn2+ ions in water. The variation in photo-energy of the photons after passing through the colloidal dispersion of chitosan coated Au nanoparticles varies the conductivity of the detector and this can be related to the concentration of the Mn2+ ions in water. Two different detectors were tested, a nanosensor and a light dependent resistor, with the latter demonstrating better response.

A review of Terahertz technology and Metamaterial based electromagnetic absorber at Terahertz band

 Terahertz (THz) technology, a new step towards the wireless communication is a recent topic of research. THz radiation has unique properties which make it better than microwaves, infrared, X-rays, etc. These radiations have wide applications in various fields like imaging, spectroscopy, security, biomedicine, sub-millimeter astronomy, in communication, etc. THz radiation sources and detectors play a vital role in the THz communication system.  The sources and detectors for THz radiation are still in a developing stage. As in naturally occurring materials, there is lack of good terahertz characteristic, so researchers are moving towards artificial one, i.e., the metamaterial based design. Metamaterial based design of generation and detection of THz radiation is the recent demands in the field of THz communication. Hence, we are focussing on the metamaterial based terahertz transmitter and receiver. So in this paper, a brief study of the THz technology based on metamaterial has been carried out and presented here

Design and Analysis of Metamaterial Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers at THz Frequency

The subject of THz research and technology has advanced dramatically over the previous two decades. In the THz regime, a metamaterial-based absorber is in high demand. Metamaterials (MMs) can be employed as an effective medium by changing the shape to influence the electromagnetic characteristics. All incident radiations at a specific operational frequency are absorbed by a unity absorber, while transmissivity, reflectivity, scattering, and all other light propagation pathways are inhibited. The main focus of this study is on metamaterial-based perfect absorbers (MMPA) in the THz regime. This paper presents an MMPA with two metallic layers and a dielectric. The suggested MMPA is investigated utilising three different materials: gold, silver, and copper, with a comparison between them shown her

Dimming Consideration for OFDM-Based Visible Light Communications

In the field of indoor wireless networks, visible light communications would be contributing a vital role in the future. This paper investigates the performances of data transmissions using visible light based on unipolar orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and discusses possible approach for light dimming. Asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM) is considered as a unipolar modulation scheme for intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD) on which visible light communications is based. This modulation can incorporate light dimming while not corrupting the communication link since, compared to the traditional DC biased optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM), ACOOFDM noise clipping component does not fall on data carrying subcarrier. To create more dimming levels pulse width modulation (PWM) is proposed to be used in conjunction with ACO-OFDM.Keywords: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), light emitting diode (LED), signal clipping, visible light communication.Cite as:Sunil Deka, Poompat Saengudomlert, Sunandan Baruah "Dimming Consideration for OFDMBased Visible Light Communications", ADBU J.Engg.Tech., 2(1)(2015) 0021101(5pp

Automatic RADAR Target Recognition System at THz Frequency Band. A Review

The development of technology for communication in the THz frequency band has seen rapid progress recently. Due to the wider bandwidth a THz frequency RADAR provides the possibility of higher precision imaging compared to conventional RADARs. A high resolution RADAR operating at THz frequency can be used for automatically detecting and segmenting concealed objects. Recent advancements in THz circuit integration have opened up a wide range of possibilities for on chip applications, like of security and surveillance. The development of various sources and detectors for generation and detection of THz frequency has been driven by other techniques such as spectroscopy, imaging and impulse ranging. One of the central vision of this type of security system aims at ambient intelligence: the computation and communication carried out intelligently. The need for higher mobility with limited size and power consumption has led to development of nanotechnology based THz generators. In addition to this some of the soft computing tools are used for detection of radar target automatically based on some algorithms named as ANN, RNN, Neuro-Fuzzy and Genetic algorithms. This review article includes UWB radar for THz signal, its characteristics and application, Nanotechnology for THz generation and issues related to ATR

Bandgap Engineering of ZnO Nanostructures through Hydrothermal Growth

he optical, electronic and magnetic properties changes with the reduction of particle sizes, this is because the nano sized structures exhibits certain unique properties different from their bulk counterpart. Bandgap engineering for nano structures is one of the prominent area of research now. All though the bandgap increases with the reduction in the particle size, however there are several other ways by which the band gap can be changed. Fast crystallization method has been reported here and is compared with the conventional method. Absorption spectra are obtained using UV-vis optical spectrometer and from the absorption spectra tauc plot is drawn to find out the band gap theoretically. The band gap of nano particles and nano rods grown with the same nano particles as seeds are found to be different. The work shows a comparative study on the resultant bandgap for ZnO nano particles and ZnO nano rods grown with hydrothermal method. It is observed that the fast crystallization method results in decreases of band gap by around .8 eV compared to conventional method.Keywords:ZnO, nano particle, nano rod,bandga

ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanostructures based gas sensor for sensing Acetone gas at room temperature

In this paper  ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanostructures are used to fabricate the gas sensor which can sense low concentration of acetone gas at room temperature. Due to its reducing properties, acetone gas releases electrons to the surface of the core/shell nanorods. Therefore a sharp increase in conductivity of the sensing material was observed when the sensor was exposed to the acetone gas. The fabricated sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity towards acetone gas at room temperature and is capable of detecting it to a minimum concentration of 10 ppm.  Â